In the chapter of his book AI: Replacement or Complementarity?  devoted to the impact of artificial intelligence on employment and the labor market, Luc Ferry clearly summarizes the terms of the debate. It actually takes the form of two antinomies — or more precisely two theses that confront one another in the Kantian sense — which do not operate on the same level of analysis. On the one hand, there is a question of fact: are we, or are we not, moving toward the end of wage l

At a time when many observers are concerned about the effects of artificial intelligence on employment and the labor market, two researchers — Marion Beauvalet (Paris-Dauphine University–PSL) and Lucie Rondon du Noyer (International Research Center on Environment and Development, CIRED) — warned, in an op-ed published in Le Monde  on February 18, 2025, about the risks that the large-scale adoption of generative AI could pose to the quality of employees’ work. According to the

For the economist Malo Mofakhami, the central question is not so much whether work will disappear — because, in his view, it will — but rather to understand “who will benefit from AI, and who will bear the consequences during the transition phases.” Compared with earlier historical reorganizations of labor linked to the automation of substitutable or complementary tasks, artificial intelligence introduces a major novelty: it now affects highly qualified occupations by automat

In its geopolitics lecture of January 25, 2025, the well-known educational program revisited the inauguration ceremony of Donald Trump as President of the United States, held on January 20, 2025, at the White House. The presence in the front row of major figures from the American tech industry — Elon Musk (X), Jeff Bezos (Amazon), Tim Cook (Apple), Sundar Pichai (Google), and Mark Zuckerberg (Meta), along with TikTok CEO Shou Zi Chew — was seen as evidence of a sudden alignme

In an article published on January 20, 2025, in Le Monde , the philosopher Monique Canto-Sperber examines the impact of platform algorithms and social networks on public debate. She contrasts two conceptions of freedom of expression: the French one, framed in particular by the body of press laws under which certain cases—such as racist or sexist insults, incitement to hatred, or the dissemination of false news—are subject to prosecution; and the American conception, enshrined

Among the central questions in AI ethics are those concerning the ecological consequences it entails. Current research focuses primarily on evaluating Machine Learning and Deep Learning systems—often grouped under the label of connectionist AI, as opposed to symbolic AI. The design and deployment of large models rely on massive volumes of data (Big Data) and considerable computing resources, leading to undeniable environmental impacts. The computing power required to train su

The term "applied ethics" emerged in the United States during the 1960s. It was only from the 1970s onward, however, that philosophical ethics underwent a shift in its research orientation and gradually moved from a theoretical and speculative ethics centered on the semantic and epistemological analysis of ethical discourse (what is called "metaethics"), to a more concrete and sectoral ethics, more focused on the moral implications brought about by certain developments in the

Italian philosopher Luciano Floridi, widely recognized for his work in information ethics and the philosophy of technology, is also one of the leading figures in contemporary reflections on artificial intelligence ethics. The second part of his book The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence  (French edition published in 2023), entitled “Assessing AI,”  contains ten chapters that offer, in his own words, “an analysis of some of the most urgent questions raised by the ethics of art

A new grail is driving the ambitions of tech giants: the creation of a new type of software known as “AI agents,” capable of carrying out actions in order to achieve defined objectives. They are distinguished by their ability to reason, learn, adapt, decide, and plan actions autonomously. They are also able to collaborate with one another to coordinate and execute workflows, that is, organized sequences of tasks or actions of varying complexity. They can be deployed across ma

In his TED talk delivered in Germany in December 2017, Daniel Susskind, a professor and researcher in economics at King’s College London, offers a reflection on the profound transformations that robotics and artificial intelligence will bring to bear on work, employment, and society. The author of several books, including A World Without Work  (Flammarion, 2023), in which he considers the end of work and the advent of a state-regulated leisure society, Susskind more broadly a